Look for objects or equipment on or around the patient that may provide useful insights into their medical history and current clinical status: Wasting of muscles: suggestive of disuse atrophy secondary to joint pathology or a lower motor neuron lesion. Scars: may provide clues regarding previous upper limb surgery.Body habitus: obesity is a significant risk factor for joint pathology due to increased mechanical load (e.g.Perform a brief general inspection of the patient, looking for clinical signs suggestive of underlying pathology: This is lateral rotation - also referred to as external rotation - and the normal range of motion for a healthy shoulder is 90 degrees.You might also be interested in our OSCE Flashcard Collection which contains over 2000 flashcards that cover clinical examination, procedures, communication skills and data interpretation. Keeping your elbows against your body swing your forearms away from your body. With your arms at your sides, palms facing your body, bend your elbows 90 degrees. This is medial rotation - also referred to as internal rotation - and the normal range of motion for a healthy shoulder is 70 to 90 degrees. Imagine your body is a cabinet, your arms are the cabinet doors and you’re shutting the doors. Keep your elbows against your body and move your forearms towards your body. With your arms at your sides, turn your palms towards your body and bend your elbows 90 degrees so your hands are pointing in front of you. If your chest or biceps are particularly muscular, it may be difficult to move your arms inward. If you hug yourself, your shoulders are adducting.Ī normal range of movement for shoulder adduction is 30 to 50 degrees depending on flexibility and body composition. Shoulder adduction occurs when you move your arms towards the middle of the body. This places your hands above your head with your arms straight. When you raise your arm out from the sides of your body, it’s an abduction of your shoulder.Ī normal range for abduction, starting with your palms at your sides, is around 150 degrees in a healthy shoulder. Shoulder abductionĪbduction occurs when you have arm movement away from the middle of your body. If you reach your hands behind you - think about putting something in your back pocket - you’re practicing extension.Ī normal range of motion for shoulder extension to the highest point you can lift your arm behind your back - starting with your palms next to your body - is between 45 and 60 degrees. Shoulder extensionĮxtension is a movement that increases the angle between the two parts that the joint is connecting. This involves moving your arms from palms against the side of your body to the highest point you can raise your arms over your head. If you hold your arms straight and palms against your sides and raise your arms in front of your body to point your hands at something in front of you, you’re practicing flexion.Ī normal range of motion for shoulder flexion is 180 degrees. Shoulder flexionįlexion is a movement that decreases the angle between the two parts that the joint is connecting. Your shoulder range of motion is, basically, how far you can move each shoulder in different directions without major joint pain or other issues. Your shoulders have the ability to move more than most joints.
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